Particle acceleration inside a "gas" of shock waves, A&A 245, 271, 1991


Abstract

Multiple explosions, spherical shocks propagating inside an inhomogeneous medium or highly turbulent flows will form a large number of discontinuities moving randomly in space. We study the acceleration of ions and electrons in such an environment. Our model is applied in solar flares but our conclusions are independent of the details of mechanism that forms the shock waves.
We find that fro typical parameters of solar flares, a large number of ions ($\ge 10^{-2} n_o$, where $n_o$ is the ambient plasma density) with initial energy 200 keV $\le E_i \le$ 1.2 MeV will be accelerated up to energies 20 to 60 MeV in less than 5. s. For the same parameters, electrons with initial energy 20 keV $\le E_i \le$ 200 keV are accelerated up to 5 MeV, in less than 1.5 s. We compared those results with the Fermi acceleration and found that Fermi process is slower and the energy gained much smaller.
The energy distribution of accelerated particles escaping the acceleration volume is of the form $f(E)\approx exp(-E/T_h)$, where $T_{hi}=13 $ MeV for the ions and $T_{he}= 1$ MeV for the electrons, for typical parameters (200 shock waves with velocities $2.5\times V_A\le V_s \le 4\times V_A$, with $V_A= 2.18 10^7 $ cm/s the Alfven velocity, distributed inside a box with characteristic length $L= 3 10^{10} $ cm). We study numerically the relation of the acceleration time to the number of shock waves and the length of the acceleration region. We also estimate that less than 20 % of the total energy of the 200 shock waves goes into acceleration of particles.

Key words : the Sun : flares - shock waves - acceleration mechanisms.